How the E-commerce Companies Interact, Attract and Retain...

In this essay the researcher investigates on how the e-commerce companies interact , attract and retain customers. This essay focuses on how Search Engine Optimization and Search Engine Marketing helps to attract new customers for a company. The essay also includes how Social Media and Smartphones effect an e-commerce organizations. According to Dave Chaffey (2006), E-Commerce is often thought simply to refer to buying and selling through internet. People immediately think of consumer retail purchases from companies such as Amazon. But E-commerce involves much more than electronically mediated financial transactions between organizations and customers. More commentators refer to e-commerce as all electronically mediated transactions between an organizations and third party that deals with. By this definition, non- financial transactions such as customer requests for further information would also be considered to be part of e-commerce. There are many techniques that makes an e-commerce website presence on the web. One of the key is Search Engine Optimization (SEO).The SEO is used as a key tool for website owners to get more traffic to the website. It works in a way of analyzing and building websites so that they can found a lot easier when they are indexed by the search engine. SEO could help website contents to be more pertinent and easy understandability when search engines are crawling and indexing data. The main aim of SEO is to increase traffic and appear in searchShow MoreRelatedB2B And B2C Marketing Strategies Essay1379 Words   |  6 Pagesand tools to attract and retain customers. The following sections will provide a comparison of the marketing strategies employed and tools utilized by B2B and B2C e-business sites. Business owners, members of the management team and key decision-makers are primarily the target for B2B marketing programs. According to Management Centre Europes website, B2B marketing is the process by which your company builds and maintains strong and profitable relationships with business customers - by creatingRead MoreB2B and B2C Marketing Strategies1422 Words   |  6 Pagesand tools to attract and retain customers. The following sections will provide a comparison of the marketing strategies employed and tools utilized by B2B and B2C e-business sites. Business owners, members of the management team and key decision-makers are primarily the target for B2B marketing programs. According to Management Centre Europes website, B2B marketing is the process by which your company builds and maintains strong and profitable relationships with business customers - by creatingRead MoreAlibaba s Dominant Business Model Essay1470 Words   |  6 Pagesinclude Alibaba.com and Ariba—both mainly targeting the business-to-business domain.† (Piccoli, pg 170) Principally, Alibaba is a Chinese business to business e-commerce company. Alibaba focuses on suppliers and buyers trading both domestically and internationally. The business to business marketplaces provide a platform to facilitate e-commerce between business sellers, whom Alibaba refers to as â€Å"suppliers†, and wholesale buyers. Suppliers and buyers would use the marketplaces to establish theirRead MoreGrey Case Study876 Words   |  4 Pageswas smaller but is growing and taking a shift into customer service due to technological advances in the Internet and E-Commerce. AMR research says it will be worth 16.8 billion in 2003. Asian companies have begun moving away from generalization model of marketing towards the specialization model. Companies are beginning to understand the importance of CRM because it costs 5 times as much to acquire a new customer than to retain an existing customer. Within the Asian Market, China is the main targetRead MoreCase Study : Hilton Ho tels And Resorts Industry1621 Words   |  7 Pagesindustry is integrated with other industries such as tourism, hospitality and airlines. Therefore factors that impact these industries—whether good or bad—also affect hotel operators and their ability to provide services to customers. Some of the greatest threats to a global company like Hilton are geopolitical factors namely terrorism and factions and poor economic conditions. Although there maybe correlation, regardless of which one comes first. As people fear their safety they are less inclinedRead MoreThe Elements Of Internet Marketing4060 Words   |  17 Pageselements of internet marketing 1.2 Internet marketing mix 1.3 Internet marketing tools/e-tools 1.4 Interactive order processing 2.1 Search engine marketing (SEM) and search engine optimization (SEO) 2.2 Opt-in email and email marketing 2.3 Best practices in online public relations 2.4 How business use digital media communities 3.1 Secondary market research 3.2 Design of an online survey 3.3 Use of electronic customer relationship marketing 4.1 An outline of internet marketing plan 4.2 A presentationRead MoreSwot Analysis Of Amazon1802 Words   |  8 Pages(a) Product – Amazon Corp. is one of the leading ecommerce platforms in the world. The company offers a wide selection of products. Through continued expansion and diversification, the company’s products now include not just online retail, but also a variety of other products and services that address market needs. These products and services include retail goods, Amazon Prime, consumer electronics, digital content distribution service, Amazon Video, Amazon Web Services (AWS), Amazon PublishingRead MoreMarketing Management : Mini Case Study Discussion1720 Words   |  7 Pagesfeeling in customers (Jones. K., ).† It creates an emotional connection between the brand and audience. Companies that utilize nostalgia marketing, apply nostalgic elements in their marketing activities to stimulate and activate consumers’ nostalgia and thus encourage their buying behavior. To do this the company adopts an effective marketing strategy utilizing nostalgic advertising and packaging capable of invoking nostalgic feelings in consumers. By utilizing this type of marketing, the company: 1.Read MoreGroupon, The Definition Of A Killer App1566 Words   |  7 PagesGroupon, the definition of a â€Å"Killer App† in today’s world, leverages global relationships to create an e-commerce marketplace with unbeatable deals all over the world. Consumers can discover the best a city has to offer in terms of restaurants, entertainment, and other leisure activities. â€Å"Groupon is redefining how traditional small businesses attract, retain, and interact with their customers by providing merchants with a variety of products and services including customizeable deal campaigns† (MarketwatchRead MoreSample Term Paper4597 Words   |  19 PagesSample Term Paper on: Management Information Systems [Writers Name] [Supervisors Name] [Course title] [Date] Management Information Systems The Concerns of E-Commerce In Internet time the attention span of customer is just 8 seconds. After that a shopper typically moves on. Whats more is that the Forrester research reports that 42% of the people leave a site unsatisfied will never return (Forrester, 1999). The cost of business in uncompleted orders is simply staggering- early estimates

Global Supply Chain Management Assignment Fine Fruit Cake...

GLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Q2. FINE FRUIT CAKE COMPANY A. Monthly and annual capacity for fine country fruit cake company. 1. Calculations . a. In calculating the monthly and annual capacity, the following assumptions have been made: †¢ The Company works for five days each week †¢ There are four weeks in each month †¢ The opening stock of 100 cakes of each size on 1st of January is not considered while making the calculations b. From the question, we know that all production is done in batches of 10 kg of only one size of cakes at a time. Therefore we can either have a batch of ten cakes of 1kg each or 5 cakes of 2 kg each. If we assume that the company can produce an average of 2 batches each of†¦show more content†¦C. CHANGING MARKETS Currently, Fine Fruit Cakes Company sells its cakes mostly to cafes and restaurants. In trying to increase sales to crafts shops and tourist centres, the following advantages and disadvantages need to be considered: Advantages †¢ Crafts shops and tourist business would offer more flexibility and may not require goods at short notice as compared to cafes and restaurants; this would reduce pressure on the company’s production. †¢ The new markets would probably not demand discounts, (such as those demanded by restaurants), allowing higher profit margins †¢ They would also probably require goods in smaller sizes (1 kg cakes as compared to 2 kg cakes). As discussed previously, such a change in the ‘mix’ of products would result in higher profits since 1 kg cakes take less time to produce due to their shorter baking time. †¢ A look of the trends in sales reveals that there is a strong seasonal influence on sales; there are significantly higher sales figures in the months of March, October and November, with the highest recorded sales are in December, reflecting a heavy demand for cakes during Easter and Christmas seasons. This would probably change if the company focused on these new outlets; production would probably level out during the rest of the year and increase during tourist (summer) months resulting in an alternative, non-peak demand. As a result, the company would beShow MoreRelatedGlobal Supply Chain Management Assignment: Fine Fruit Cake Co Human Resource Inc3363 Words   |  14 PagesGLOBAL SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT Q2. FINE FRUIT CAKE COMPANY A. Monthly and annual capacity for fine country fruit cake company. 1. Calculations . a. In calculating the monthly and annual capacity, the following assumptions have been made: †¢ The Company works for five days each week †¢ There are four weeks in each month †¢ The opening stock of 100 cakes of each size on 1st of January is not considered while makingRead MoreTransforming Total Sales into Net Profits51271 Words   |  206 PagesData Kendall, Gerald I. Viable vision : transforming total sales into net profits / by Gerald I. Kendall. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-932159-38-X (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Sales management. 2. Marketing—Management. 3. Corporate profits. 4. Corporations—Growth—Management. 5. Organizational effectiveness. I. Title. HF5438.4.K46 2004 658—dc22 2004018021 This publication contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is used withRead MorePepsi Marketing Plan.13402 Words   |  54 Pagesto the lab-assistants of the computer labs, for their unlimited patience during the time of research writing. Eevertheless, we want to give thanks Mr.Azizur Rahman the honorable finance adviser of PEPSI working in Chittagong for his cordial help and co-operation. Moreover, we are also thankful to our classmates, group members, and friends for their helps and supports. We would like to show our endless gratitude by specifying name of FARIA AHMED for her support in this term paper. 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Thus, by analysing situations that are described in cases and presenting the results, active learners (that is, students) become skilled at effectively using the tools, techniques and concepts that combine to form the strategic management process. The casesRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words   |  696 PagesMarketing Management, 14e (Kotler/Keller) Chapter 1 Defining Marketing for the 21st Century 1) Which of the following statements about marketing is true? A) It is of little importance when products are standardized. B) It can help create jobs in the economy by increasing demand for goods and services. C) It helps to build a loyal customer base but has no impact on a firms intangible assets. D) It is more important for bigger organizations than smaller ones. E) It is seldom used by nonprofitRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesRinaldi Full-Service Project Management: Christian Holdener, S4Carlisle Publishing Services Composition: S4Carlisle Publishing Services Printer/Binder: Courier/Kendallville Cover Printer: Courier/Kendalville Text Font: 10.5/12 ITC New Baskerville Std Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on the appropriate page within text. Copyright  © 2013, 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005 by Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Prentice Hall

Word of the Day Free Essays

Omnipotent- unlimited authority or influence a. The king was an omnipotent force in the kingdom. 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Word of the Day or any similar topic only for you Order Now Asunder- into parts, torn apart a. Cats asunder mice for dinner. 3. Usurpation- to seize, take hold of through force, without rights, infringement a. The usurpation of Poland by Germany was unexpected. 4. Evinces- to clearly display, show evidence a. Clearly, the note evinces that you are guilty. 5. Abdicated- to cast off, to formally relinquish a. The queen abdicated her power due to her old age. 6. Perfidy- being faithless or disloyal, treachery a. The perfidious servant became a double agent for the enemy. 7. Magnanimity- lofty spirit, bear trouble calmly, display noble generosity a. The dog displayed much magnanimity in rescuing the young drowning boy. 8. Acquiesce- to accept, comply, submit a. The submissive girl always acquiesced to her overbearing mother. 9. Countenance- mental composure, facial expression a. In despite of his pain, the man maintained his countenance. 10. Accosting- to approach and speak to in a challenging or aggressive way a. Marry, in an accosting way, approached Jessica to start a fight. 11. Supinely- with the face upward, an indifferent manner a. Supinely, the king ignored the requests of the farmers. Part A: Dear Corporate America, You are making us fat. You are making us fat through your trans-fat-rich foods complete if, and only if, they contain enough saturated fat to clog our arteries and heart. It is the foods that you are creating that are resulting in the downfall of American health. Daily, processed foods asunder any nutritional integrity that we possess. In a way, such corporations, producing unhealthy foods, are an omnipotent force that usurper our everyday lives in an effort to produce revenue. We acquiesce to societal norms by ingesting the slop that corporations like you produce; yet, we are the ones making the decision to put poison into our bodies. You do not accost us and force feed us your food; nay, we enthusiastically devour crunchy chips out of shiny bags without considering the lifetime consequences. You are the devil snake tempting us with fruit, and we are Eve: innocent and blissfully unaware of the future effects that your fruit will have. While it is not your responsibility to ensure that people are consuming your food responsibly, it is your fault that foods that cause atherosclerosis and heart attacks are even available. While the American public does need to change its thoughts about nutrition, large corporations need to change their ingredients and their mentalities. Respectfully, part a: French fries are delicious. Truly, they are a staple food in the American diet. Any American that doesn’t regularly partake in the consumption of fries is essentially omitting perfidy. To date, McDonald’s is an omnipotent leader in the fast food world. Other fast food chains may try to accost the spread of McDonald’s’ successful corporation, but they are forced to acquiesce to the standards that have already been set. Recently, there has been much debate over the use of healthy foods and their practical use compared to unhealthy, fatty foods. Many have evinced data concerning heart disease and other health problems. These people are in favor of creating healthy alternatives for regular fast food buyers to choose. However, it is my belief that by implementing healthy choices will not change the lifestyle of people that are accustomed to eating fatty foods every day. Americans should make their own food choices and be actively aware of what they are consuming; supinely choosing meals anymore is not an option. It is not the duty of the fast food restaurants to change America’s eating habits. Those that wish to live a long and healthy life need to abdicate unhealthy foods from their life and make a true lifestyle change. How to cite Word of the Day, Papers

People - Organizations And Leadership McDonalds

Question: Describe about the People, Organizations And Leadership for McDonalds. Answer: Problem solving application case Improving Customer Satisfaction at McDonald's Application of the three stop problem solving approach to OB Stop one: The problem The problem with McDonalds was not it was not being able to satisfy the customers. The complaints from the customers were increasing overtime and the main reason was the unfriendly behavior of the employees and late service. The delivery of the products at McDonalds was the slowest. Hence, the company lagged its competitors. The reason for the delay in service and unprofessional behavior of customers is low wages. The outcome of dissatisfaction of customers was the loss of relevant and loyal customers of the company. The company has used many strategies to solve its problems over the past but has not been successful. Hence, the most important problem of McDonalds is its inability to satisfy the customers and the employees. The main challenges or the problems faced by McDonalds are: Inability to satisfy customers. It also faces service challenges due to expansion of menu. Employees wages were low and they lacked proper and efficient training. Stop two: Evaluation The personal factors that were responsible for customer dissatisfaction was the low wages paid to employees and an extensive menu that was set. The other factor that was responsible for such an outcome was the unprofessional behavior of employees and lag in delivery of the products to the customers. The other challenges was the lack of communication and inefficient communication process by the employees and the management. The external environment plays an important role in affecting the business and determining the strategies formed by the company. The main environmental characteristic that McDonalds should consider is the strategies that are used by its competitors in order to achieve competitive advantage. It is essential to consider the management should directly solve the processes that the employees use in the organization and the problems. It is essential to for McDonalds to revise the menu and make it simple so that the consumers do no face any problem. The organization should also consider revising its service provision and delivery process. The concepts of public relations, softwares, responses, operations, PR news, brands, business plan, QSR magazine, effective communication, increase in wages and extensive menu will help in solving the problem faced by McDonalds. Stop three: Recommendations It is advisable that McDonalds should provide less choice of foods but should provide high and good quality. The company should increase the wages of employees so that they treat the customers professional and in friendly manner. The communication process should be efficient and the services of the organization should be improved. The management team should directly handle the problems. It is essential for the organization to concentrate on employees and provide them good working condition so that the rate of turnover is low and the customers are satisfied. It is essential to improve the speed of service by changing the use of technology. The company should modern technologies that are efficient. Incorporating new software and hiring new employees is essential to improve the business process.

spea Essays - Federalism In The United States, Anti-Federalism

*The Federalists wanted a stronger central government. The Anti-federalists did not want to ratify and wanted to establish a smaller central government, as with the Articles of Confederations. The Federalists wanted a weaker state government- while Anti-Federalists wanted stronger. They believed a stronger state government would be more sympathetic than a strong central government. Anti-Federalists supported the small farmers and landowners while the Federalists supported large landowners, merchants, lawyers and judges. The Compromise: In order to avoid the power that the Anti-Federalists feared would come out of a strong central government, the Federalists compromised by coming up our three branch system; the legislative, executive and judifical. Each branch has equal power, and what one doesn't have in power, the other has, so that there's a clear separation of power (Checks and balances.) Not one has a clear, central power.

Death For Your Country Essays - France, Battle Of The Somme

Death For Your Country Essays - France, Battle Of The Somme Death for Your Country Is it glorious to die for your country?.... This question has been posed to many young people about to embark on war although the answer has usually been 'yes' in response to their country due mainly to the fact that the government instills it in the people of the country to support one's country and one way is to send young abled bodied men into the army. If you were one individual that was not in favour of fighting for your country you would surely become an outcast by the countries people. To avoid ridicule and becoming outcasted by the people living around you, you would join the army just in the thought that you were obligated to for the sole sake of your country. Such thoughts were reinforced by the government promotion of propaganda. Glorifying death is not needed to be taught and should be up to the sole individual. School systems should teach an unbiased point of view of war to enable the child to make their own decision to fight for one's country. Within the education system it was instructed to the teachers to teach the children at a young age during the brink of war to instill that their the life of the country and for them to defend their country against the enemy. Teachers showed being in a army was representing honour and the pride of the country. Guilt was laid on the students who showed rebellion by the teacher. Many times the teacher would try to show a soldier that looks happy and content trying to represent being a soldier makes you happy and content. Many young inexperienced soldiers were sent to training camps near the battle fields that they would soon be sent to fight, for their country and their life. The training camps were situated on similar enviroments that resembled the battle fields of where the fighting would take place. Reinforced displine to the young and ignorant men. Trench warfare is when many soldiers of opposing countries fight against each other across a vast desolate, dirt covered land, and the only sense of cover was to crouch in a usually water logged trench. The sense of death engulfed your very soul, the conezt bombardment of shells echo in your mind long after it had ceased. On the Western front conditions were horrible to say the least, stench of death remained coneztly in the air, bodies riddled with bullet wounds lay across the bottoms of the trenches, dismembered bodies scattered across the landscape and the sounds of agonizing and dying men echo across the battle grounds. Very limited rations offering very little in flavour was the only food available to the soldiers. Often raining, it caused muddy, damp conditions. The men staying in a trench filled with water and muddy conditions often caused such diseases as trench foot and trench mouth. Contagious diseases were spread quickly. Lack of cleaniness gave many soldiers lice and rats would run through the trenches feeding on the garbage and human wastes. Thousands of soldiers would line up under the cover of their trenches for a stretch of miles and wait for the leading officer to give the signal for the charge. When the signal was given the thousands of soldiers would all try to run across the no-man's land to attempt the breach of the enemies trench. This charge would be under conezt machine gun fire and mortar shelling by the enemy. These kind of attacks usually failed maily due to the fact the odds were already stacked against the attacking party. The diezces the charging men had to run to get to the enemies trench was far enough for the enemy to use it's conezt shelling and it's machine gun fire to dwindle the attacking army significant enough for the attacking army to retreat. Counter attacks were quickly attempted after the attacks. The counter attacks were similiar to the actual attacks except the difference was that the counter attack involved the killing of the retreating of the enemy instead of attacking someone under the cover of the trench. During the war all soldiers were affected either physically or phsycologically. Shell shock was an

Do the Games 'Grand Theft Auto IV' and 'Call of Duty- Modern Warfare Coursework

Do the Games 'Grand Theft Auto IV' and 'Call of Duty- Modern Warfare 3' Promote Violent Behaviour or are they Harmless - Coursework Example However, as games have become a more powerful industry, some people have suggested this may also have some negative effects. Games such as Grand theft auto IV have been reported as being responsible for adverse effects on players and various tabloid newspapers have said that violent games are deliberately based on reality. In general, the impact seen from video games has been credited to the mimicking of violence seen and played during the games. Studies also indicate how gamers playing violent video games are also more likely to act aggressively or engage in violent or aggressive behaviour towards other people. These gamers, especially those of younger ages, would be more likely to fight with their parents, their peers, or with their classmates. They would also be less likely to have executive control over their temper or emotions, making them easily prone to angry outbursts and aggression. Video games also have a desensitizing effect to violence, making players less reactive or les s likely to be shocked by violence they would see in the news or in their daily life. When games such as Grand Theft Auto IV are closely analysed, it is easy to see why they can be accused of encouraging violent behaviour. Grand Theft Auto is the video game notorious for allowing a player to hire a prostitute, kill her, and then retrieve the money giveniii . This game also gives the player a chance to shoot cops, run over pedestrians, and bludgeon passersby with a baseball bat. To many gamers, this series is gripping because not only does it allow the player to perform violence, but it also offers an immense environment where all violent possibilities can be played outiv. These games also seem to reinforce gender stereotypes, that of men being the natural aggressors and women being the submissive personalities. In other words, there is a disconnect between reality and gaming fantasy for these gamers. These gamers explore the fantasy world of aggression and play out violent scenarios – kill prostitutes, beat-up bystanders, hijack cars, and kill rival criminals. The challenge during their games is on how fast and how clever they can be in pulling out these acts. Translating these acts to the real world has not become a distant possibility for these gamers. The Daily Mail reports that Grand Theft Auto IV was pulled out by Nintendo after a Bangkok teen murdered a taxi driver apparently because he wanted ‘to see if it was as easy as it was in the game’v. Incidents like this indicate a lack of moral responsibility on the part of the gamer, and also on the part of the creators of the game who create an environment where killing a taxi driver is judged for its speed and efficacy, not for its moral implications. Medical experts have cited various studies that reviewed the impact of video games on human behaviour. In one of their studies, they observed that adolescents who were exposed to longer hours playing violent video games usually manifested be haviour that is more aggressive and were more likely to be confrontational with their teachers or to engage in fights with their peers. The repeated nature of the

Evaluation of CAPM using American stock market data Dissertation

Evaluation of CAPM using American stock market data - Dissertation Example So investors prefer to choose mean-variance-efficient portfolios that would either minimize variance with a given expected return or would maximize expected return given variance. Thus, CAPM is a theory that defines the relationship between risk and the expected return of a security or a portfolio of securities. The theory is based on the assumption that the security market is generally composed of risk-averse investors and the type of investors who prefer and will to take more risk only when they expect to earn a higher return in commensuration with that risk. The return from an asset varies through successive periods and an asset which has a fluctuating return is considered to have greater risk. So, the tendency of investors is to diversify their investment portfolio so that they could minimize the effect of risk volatility, i.e. the unsystematic risk attached to the portfolio. Thus due to diversification only market related or systematic risk is relevant in the risk-return trade-o ff. The portion of risk volatility which is systematic, i.e. measured by the extent to which return varies with respect to the overall market, is measured by the parameter ? (Beta). Beta is a measure of risk contributed by individual securities to a well-diversified portfolio, and measured by- rA = return of the asset rM = Return of the market ?2M = variance of the return of the market cov(rA, rM) = covariance between the return of the asset and the return of the market. Beta is calculated with the help of historical returns for both the asset and the market. Assumptions of CAPM The assumptions of CAPM are- Investors in the market are concerned only about the expected return and the volatility of risk involved with their investment All investors have homogeneous idea about the concept of risk and return associated with an investment. Systematic risk factor is common to a broad-based market portfolio as systematic risk brings volatility which is non-diversifiable. So, if a securities beta can be identified, then the expected return from that security can be calculated. Economic Rationale behind CAPM and its Consistency with the regulatory and the economic standards The relationship in risk and return in CAPM is measured using- Where, Rt = the expected return on a security or a portfolio Rf = Risk-free rate of return ?i = Beta of the security or portfolio i Rm = expected return on the equity market performance The rationale behind the CAPM equation is to persuade the investors to shift their money from riskless assets to risky assets such as equity security. The usefulness of CAPM lies in the measurement of the expected return premium appropriate for an investment with respect to the risk involved relative to the market index risk. The economic explanation of the equation brings out that how risk-free rate of return (Rf) and market-wide risk premium (Rm- Rf) aid to persuade investors from investment in risk-free securities to risky securities.

Phyiscal and chemical control of growth and viabilty Essay - 1

Phyiscal and chemical control of growth and viabilty - Essay Example Environmental requirements are particularly physical conditions that affect the amount and type of microbial growth. For example, activities of enzymes are dependent on environmental temperature. Microorganisms are also classified into groups based on their preferred environmental temperature. For example: thermophilic organisms, thermophiles prefer very high temperatures of above 400; mesophilic organisms, mesophiles grow well in temperatures of 200 to 400; while psychrophiles, psychrophilic organisms prefer relatively low temperatures. However, a range of maximum or minimum growth temperature exists for every individual species. The best growth occurs at optimum growth temperature (Singh, 2010). Another environmental requirement for microbial growth is the extent of alkalinity or acidity of the habitat, also referred to as a pH solution. Most of the microorganisms prefer an optimum pH of between 6.5 and 7.5. The tissues of the human body is between 7.0 and 7.2, therefore neutrophilic microorganisms often grow in the body very well. Other microorganisms such as those in yoghut and sauerkraut which are acidophilic grow well in acidic environment of below 6.0, for example yeast and molds. Microbial growth also does well where osmotic pressure is idyllic. In most cases, the concentration of salt in microbial cytoplasm is around one percent. Where there is one percent concentration of salt in the environment, the osmotic pressure is at optimum. In case the salt concentration rise in the external environment, water will definitely flow out of the cytoplasm through osmosis via cell membrane to the environment resulting into shrinking of the microorganism, and ultimately death. In contrary, where external water has minimal salt, water flows into the cytoplasm through the cell membrane resulting into cell swelling and ultimately burst. Conclusively, microorganisms living in

SAB Miller: Strategy Analysis and PEST

SAB Miller: Strategy Analysis and PEST INTRODUCTION SAB Miller is a South African brewing company and is the second largest brewer in the world, with sales and distribution across six different continents. SAB Miller with wide brand portfolio, both international premium beers to local brands it has come a long way, weathering turbulent times and political crisis. It is also one of the largest bottlers for Coca Cola. VISION AND MISSION OF THE GROUP VISION To be the most admired company in the global beer industry Investment of choice Employer of choice Partner of choice MISSION To own and nurture local and international brands that are the first choice of the consumer VALUES Our people are our enduring advantage Accountability is clear and personal We work and win in teams We understand and respect our customers and consumers Our reputation is indivisible CORPORATE STRATEGIES EMPLOYED BY SAB MILLER SAB Miller being one of the oldest (100 plus) brewing company it had tremendous experience in the brewing field and the strategies used by SAB Miller are categorized as follows: Political Acquisitions and mergers Wide portfolio Brand value POLITICAL SAB being oldest brewing company in South Africa it was battered by political crisis during the 20th century. It has emerged as a company with building its operations in emerging and mature markets. During 1948 due to racist system of Apartheid, there was opposition to the company. SAB also came across various other forces during this period they are: Business restricted to the country only Restrictions on doing business with international companies Investing in or trading with South African companies SAB formulated solution in order to comply with Government restrictions they were: In 1950, SAB moved its HO from London to Johannesburg. Focused on expansion mostly in southern parts of Africa and South Africa Dominating the local market and domestic beer production Expanding its product portfolio First company to employ the code of non-discriminatory employment In 1970 SAB became fully incorporated in South Africa and by the year 2000, it dominated the South African market to such an extent that 49 of every 50 beer consumed were brewed by SAB. IMPLICATIONS Due to the political conditions in South Africa SAB had very less room of doing business internationally, but these restrictions helped them to create a monopoly in South Africa. It owned a 99 percent market share here. It also incorporated its head quarters to Johannesburg, which helped it develop its market in Africa. Employing non-discriminatory code of employment helped it to gain public support. It expanded its portfolio by buying local breweries and started producing locally brewed Guinness, Amstel, and Carling black label. ACQUSITIONS AND MERGERS Due to the restrictions on local companies by the government, SAB had to settle in for the local South African market. Dominating the local market and eliminating competition was the goal of the company at the time and it was achieved by acquiring other local breweries and distribution facilities and by rationalized production. SAB also obtained the licensing of locally brewed Guinness, Amstel and Carling black label. SAB made major acquisitions immediately after when the imposed restrictions were relaxed due the finalized process for establishment of a multiracial democracy in 1990. SAB acquired Stellenbosch Farmers Winery in 1960. In 1993, SAB acquired Hungarys largest brewery, Dreher that opened new door for further developments into central Europe In 1994, SAB in joint venture with Tanzanian government it revitalized the brewing industry and also in countries like Zambia, Mozambique and Angola, SAB gave boost to production and distribution. During the 90s SAB established operations in China, Poland, Romania, Slovakia, Russia, and Czeck Republic. Acquiring 100% stakes in the Miller brewing company in 2002 was one of the most significant acquisitions made by SAB and becoming SAB Miller in the process. Licencing of shebeens and launching them in retail mainstream. SAB Miller also bought out its joint venture partner in India. SAB Miller in 2005 merged with South American brewer Grupo Empresarial Bavaria. IMPLICATIONS OF ACUSITIONS AND MERGERS SAB controlled an estimated 99% of the market share in South Africa and had dominating positions in Swaziland, Lesotho, Rhodesia and Botswana. SAB was able to diversify their business through joint ventures. Due to fragmentation and small-scale business in Europe and Asia SAB was able to create profitable and fast growing business. Launched quality products than their competitors for which the consumers had to pay more. SAB promoted their premium brands. Developing countries have growing economies thus opening doors for attractive markets. SABMiller sends in both technical and distribution teams for inspection before it enters the market Scare of HIV pandemic cost SAB costly labor, decrease in productivity SAB business spread provided them with portfolio business With volatile market in emerging economies where in SAB incurred majority of its profits, it had indirect effect in confidence of SAB in these countries. SAB listed itself on LSE to give boost to its infrastructure. Share price drop by 15.5% relative to FTSE 100 in the year end Nov 2000 Acquiring Miller Brewing Company made it second largest brewer in the world. SAB could balance out loss in one country with profits in other countries. Expanding production capacity and raising the quality of product in India. Dip in share price of SAB Miller after acquiring Miller Brewing Company. Introduced new packaging with new sales and distribution system and enhanced the flexibility of their production facilities. SAB Trained around 6000 newly licensed taverniers in business skills. SAB introduced broader and segmented brands SAB gained strong and profitable market in South America; profits went up by 25%. PORTFOLIO EXPANSION SAB Miller brewing company is the second largest brewing company and has a wide portfolio globally, it has over 200 varieties of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages, produced and distributed. The major premium brands are Pilsner Urquell, Peroni Nastro Azzurro, Miller Genuine Draft, and Grolsch. They started their expanding its portfolio by gaining control over Stellenbosch Farmers Winery in 1960. Between 1960s- 70s it obtained license to brew locally Guinness, Amstel and Carling black label. In 1987, SAB acquired Lion Match Company. Re-launch of Miller geniuine draft with high end positioning of mainstream market. Launch of Peroni Nastro Azzurro. EFFECT Dominating the South African Market Leading match manufacture in South Africa Better market position Increase in sales Profitable production and distribution Capture of demographic market Competitive advantage on the world stage Improvised marketing, sales and distribution Annual report emphasized the importance broader portfolio in the companys corporate success. PEST ANALYSIS PEST analysis of an organization is an important part of strategic planning, as it looks at the external environment in which the firm operates. PEST analysis helps company to develop strategies. The factors taken into account are: Political Economic Social Technological Political Factors Under Political factors we have is the government rules and regulations on operations of a firm or company. For SABMiller the following factors apply: South African government regulations Crisis due to racism International dealing and trading restrictions Employment laws Economic Factors Economic factors include exchange rate, taxation, market growth trends, GDP, disposable income, inflation, production volume, etc In SABMillers case, the following apply: Volatility of the exchange rate in developing countries Economic growth in developing worlds Listing on LSTE Acquisition of Miller Brewing Company Sensible product pricing Production and distribution costs Resource and labor cost Labor unrest Social Factors Social factors include the demographic and cultural aspects, health and living standards, population shifts and so on. In case of SABMiller Change in consumption pattern Attachment to locally brewed beer Consumers becoming heath conscious Class structure Technological Factors Technological factors include new invention, improvised tools and techniques, communication etc. It can lower barriers to entry, can lower down minimum efficient production levels, and influence outsourcing decisions. In SABMillers case are as follows: Research and development World class Automation in developing countries Production and distribution expertise Technology improvements QA 1. Identify the corporate logics that SABMiller have adopted over the course of the case. As discussed above SABMiller has adapted various strategies in order to be a leading brewer, they are: Dealing with political rules and regulations Acquisitions and merger on a global scale Broader portfolio Business in developing economies e.g. China, India Repositioning and re-launching of products Buying controlling stakes in newly privatized brewery 2. Strategy a. Explain the strategic position that SAB finds itself in 2007. As described SABMiller has good strategic position apart from fierce competition by Anheuser-Busch. Dominating positions in South African and South American markets with good market share in Europe SAB has expanded globally especially in Central and Eastern Europe, China apart from Southern part of Africa. It has operations in over of 18 countries with 30 breweries, with capacity 30.5 million hectoliters capacity and 22 sorghum beer with 8.5 million hectoliter capacity thus can create major market in these countries. Though SABMiller lost the bid to acquire Harbin Brewery to Anheuser-Busch, it had competitive market in China with market growth by 6-8 percent per year. With wide portfolio, SABMiller was able to capture the demographic market. SAB was able to balance out loss in one country with profits in other countries. With growing economies in developing countries, there was increase in disposable income, which gave way for better market share and profits with attractive pricing. Even though SABMiller had a few problems with share price drop due to listing company in LSE and acquisition of Miller Brewing Company, stakeholders must have a firm belief in the SABMiller as it a FMCG company. The chance of losing share value is rare and with globalization of the company, the chances are high profitability and higher dividends to shareholders. Acquisition of the major breweries and winery has helped SAB in dominating as well as having monopoly in countries SABMiller had a strong and wide portfolio with launch of new products and attractive pricing, creating strong demographic market and flexibility in the system. SABMiller could use its world-class technology and operation expertise to develop market in continents and also SABMiller sends in both technical and distribution teams for inspection before it enters the market Africa Has around 99% market share in South Africa and dominates in the rest of Africa. Asia/E.Europe Has breweries is Asia pacific but with fierce competition and growth of market in India. Good market share in Russia, Romania, and Czeck Republic and with acquisition of Hungarys brewery Dreher which paved way for further developments in Europe. However, the future here remains uncertain until any major take over is carried out. Latin America Merger with Grupo Empresarial Bavaria 2nd largest brewer in South America consolidated SABMillers position. 4. Acquisition of Miller Brewing Company is the only major deal by SAB and becoming 2nd largest brewer, but has a tough time because of stiff competition by Anheuser-Busch. 5. SABMiller has a strong and diversified business with broad portfolio that will ultimately pay off as it creates a demographic market and flexibility in operations. 6. Joint venture with Grupo Empresarial Bavaria 2nd largest brewer in South America opened doors in Latin America, with lower investment and creating opportunities for itself 3. On the basis of your analysis, recommend the strategy that SAB should follow. In my opinion SABMiller must develop their markets is Asia i.e. in China, India, and Asia Pacific. Though the market remains volatile, the chances of profit making are high. SABMiller must look forward to acquire Harbin brewery in China, as the market growth rate is 6-8 percent per year. SABMiller must try acquiring majority stakes in Bavaria brewery, as there is growth in market. SABMiller can dominate the local market and develop excellent operations by acquiring breweries with low performance, but with dominating market share with its expertise in production, distribution operations.

Philosophy :: essays research papers

The philosophy of Tae Kwon Do is to build a more peaceful world. To accomplish this goal Tae Kwon Do begins with the foundation, the individual. The Art strives to develop the character, personality, and positive moral and ethical traits in each practitioner. It is upon this "foundation" of individuals possessing positive attitudes and characteristics that the "end goal" may be achieved. Tae Kwon Do strives to develop the positive aspects of an individual's personality: Respect, Courtesy, Goodness, Trustworthiness, Loyalty, Humility, Courage, Patience, Integrity, Perseverance, Self-control, an Indomitable Spirit and a sense of responsibility to help and respect all forms of life. This takes a great deal of hard training and many do not reach far enough to achieve perfection in all of these aspects. However, it is the physical, mental, and spiritual effort which the individual puts forth that develops the positive attributes and image of both the individual and how he or she perceives others. By helping mold an individual into a well-rounded and responsible person, the individual can pass onto others, through both his teachings and his personal actions, the principles he has learned through his Tae Kwon Do training. Individuals unite and become a family, families come together and form a community, communities merge and develop into a nation, and nations are what make up our present-day world. In order to help build a more peaceful world, Tae Kwon Do starts with one person at a time. Gradually groups form, dojangs (schools) emerge, organizations develop, until Tae Kwon Do's philosophy has influenced, in a positive way, enough persons, families, communities, and nations, to someday bring about, or at least help bring about, the unification of nations dedicated to helping each other. The task is not easy. Just like the metamorphosis an individual goes through from white belt to black belt and eventually Master, so the transition of the unification of nations united by laws of peace, is a long and hard task. Tae Kwon Do strives for this unification. Race, creed, and nationality have nothing to do with Tae Kwon Do. They are all one in the same. Tae Kwon Do reaches toward the total development of the individual and the founding of a peaceful world. No matter what color a persons skin, no matter what his religion, no matter where his national boundaries we all seek one thing, Peace. This peace can only be achieved if each person has found peace within himself.